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And are the homelands of France, Egypt, etc- based on religion or nationality?
Depending on the specific homeland, it can be a mix of both (many nations have official religions) - and other things besides. So too with groups. For example, the Turkish people - whose homeland is Turkey - are a linguistic group (they are Turkish speakers), an ethnic group (they share common Turkish geneology, culture, and ancestry), and as of 1923 are the citizenry of the then-created country of Turkey.
What denotes the people of a homeland can be a complicated question - especially since it took several centuries for the Westphalian system (1648), which formalized the modern concept of "nation-states" and citizenship, to spread into areas outside of Europe.
