" Summary
Berkshire Hathaway trades below sum-of-the-parts value, but growth concerns persist amid slow operating earnings and limited large-scale acquisitions.
BRK.B's insurance operations require a substantial cash cushion, yet $250 billion in cash could be redeployed for acquisitions or buybacks.
Operating businesses are valued at $670 billion, with financial investments at $584 billion, supporting a $1,255 billion sum-of-the-parts valuation.
Berkshire's underweight tech exposure and subdued earnings growth may hinder its ability to match S&P 500 performance, but a large cash reserve offers strategic flexibility."

"Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A)(BRK.B) is my largest holding, but most recently, I have started questioning this positioning.
While the valuation of Berkshire does appear attractive, the main issue that the business is facing is the lack of growth.
Large-sized acquisitions have been few and far between over the last few years, and the operating performance has also not been excellent.
Quite worryingly, there are no quick fixes, but at least the large cash pile gives Greg Abel some strategic options.
The challenge of valuing Berkshire's insurance operations
Perhaps the most challenging bit to value is the insurance. While insurance in itself is a rather predictable business, Berkshire carries a pile of cash and cash equivalents on the books of the insurers. The way this cash is treated makes a big difference for the valuation outcome.
Reinsurance, especially, needs to have a buffer against large severity events and be capable of paying the claims even if financial markets seize up. These capital requirements are typically assessed under regulatory capital frameworks and, in some cases, internal risk models. Different capital charges are applied to asset classes depending on their risk characteristics, such as credit quality, market volatility, and liquidity. U.S. Treasuries are generally treated as the safest and most capital-efficient assets, while equities and private market investments usually attract much heavier capital charges and therefore contribute less efficiently to the insurer’s regulatory capital position.
So Berkshire does have to carry a fairly substantial cash cushion while waiting for that one-in-a-hundred-year event. How big is the cushion exactly? It's most likely up to the management to decide. Berkshire could probably deploy all cash to equities, and even after applying heavy risk weights, would probably still have enough capital to meet regulatory requirements. But it would basically mean that in a large catastrophe, the insurer would have to liquidate investments at fire-sale prices.
At the end of FY2025, Berkshire had $976 billion of assets within the insurance division, including $370 billion of cash and cash equivalents, while the overall insurance liabilities were $306 billion. Only $211 billion was directly related to insurance operations."

"seekingalpha.com - Berkshire hathaway selling at a percent discount to asset value